The research also analyses legislative measures aiming to impose criminal sanctions implemented by the Howard government in 1999, and legislation that established a wide range of extended powers to Australian border officials in dealing with ‘unauthorised’ vessels entering Australian waters.
#HUNGRY BABIES MANIA LEVEL 119 SERIES#
The research findings indicate that the increasingly harsh measures imposed by successive Australian governments targeting smugglers and passengers represents an increasingly punitive and continuous series of policy proposals and parliamentary discourse, where the voyage facilitators became the recipients of criminal labels such as “traffickers” and “smugglers” while 1980 legislative measures determined them to be serious criminals. This strategy was first proposed under the Fraser government soon after the first asylum seeker vessels arrived in Australia during the late 1970s. By examining de-classified Fraser government documents, the thesis presents evidence of the State’s intent to criminalise ‘people smugglers’ as part of a two-fold strategy, aiming to also punish maritime asylum seekers for arriving uninvited. Within the Australian context these are framed as the “rights of unauthorised arrivals”.
The analysis is conducted within the container of established asylum seeker rights as formulated by the United Nations is its 1951 Refugee Convention.
The research questions the ways Australian legislators justified the criminalisation of these voyage facilitators and investigates whether political elites were sufficiently informed about the circumstances of maritime asylum seeker journeys and the unique nature of their travel arrangements. Negative depictions of asylum seekers and their voyage facilitators as well as the prevailing political discourse is critically explored while Parliamentary debates are analysed using Critical Discourse Analysis. It does so by examining a number of Parliamentary debates and previously confidential Cabinet papers. With an active VIP Status of Level 2 or higher, the breeding time is reduced to 24 seconds while the hatching time is reduced to 24 seconds.This thesis explores the Australian State response to the voyage facilitators of maritime asylum seekers, commonly known as ‘people smugglers’. It can also be obtained through breeding any two Dragons that both either have the Fire Element or are able to pass this Element to their offspring.īreeding for this Dragon takes 30 seconds while incubating and subsequently hatching the resultant egg takes 30 seconds. The Fire Dragon is a Normally-Breedable Dragon and one of the Base Dragons that can be obtained from the Main Shop in exchange for Gold. The Fire Dragon also has a glowing flame on its head and tail that flickers as it moves. It has three black claws on both of its hands and feet and three yellow horns, two on the back of its head and one above its nose. Its body is red all over with a beige colored underbelly. The body style of the Fire Dragon is winged.
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